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The 16th world congress on IUAES, 2007 section 4 of the indigenous technology and ecological resources under ethics and ecological resource management was chaired by Prof. Ghulam Mohyuddin Wani former Director & Professor SKUAst- Kashmir & FAST patron-in-chief on 28th of July, 2009.? After introductory remarks of panel chair, introducing chairman and co-chair and after brief introduction on the topis by prof wani,the first speaker of the session , Dr. Kamal Aryan from Nepal was asked ?to present his presentation ?on the topic “Why certain species become a part of human culture?a case from an indigenous community, Chenpang of Nepal.”

He described the relationship between agriculture and human culture.While describing the Chepangs as one of the primitive indeginous community ofNepal,using a number of uncultivated wild plants as food.He presented the wild use of self growing species as human food and described their agriculture community approach.? The thrust of his topic was on shifting cultivators. Nepal Chepang, che - meaning dog and phung meaning Hunting.? The main presentation rose following discussion points & recommendations.

1. Traditional socio-economic culture is webbed into agriculture.What is uncultivated today may be a cultivable crop tomorrow.
2. A mechanism of identifying uncultivated, intuitive crops in wild could be evolved through these ?diversity fairs.

He showed some slides displaying uncultivated plants examined by him and presented in the fair on 13-10-2006.

1. Many plants including Indian water plants are joining the fray of uncultivated foods procured by chepangs.
2. In answer to many questions he narrated that the ?germplasm base of these uncultivable plants is dewingling & measures to conserve them are urgently needed
3. ?Next speaker on the panel was Dr. Muzzaffar Assadi prof and chairman dept of political sc from university of mysore,india ?, India who discussed the issues involved in socio-economic disturbances with establishment of national parks for wild life.He emphasized the role of eco development for conserving bio diversity and indicated need for the reforms and rights of the tribial displaced under wild life or any other act to preserve ecology or the wildlife.He stressed on rights of humans and recommended that while caring for the environment and ecology including wildlife we should not forget and ignore the rehabilitation or alternative livelihood for the tribials.

He emphasized various issues connected with eco-tourism.? He emphasized that wildlife act of 1972 in India displaced 23 m tribal population.? Thus, a conflict was induced with a conservation & development process from above.? Bottom-up- approach and participatory reconciliation is recommended.? A university using 100 ha protected area was fined for 6 billion & thus university was closed.? He suggested reconciliatory mode of protection than the induced one, which gives rise to a conflict.

?Chairman Dr. Wani drew his attention to the raising human-wild-animal conflict with interruptions of wildlife habitat, the wild life becomes agitated.? The speaker however explained that tribal’s virtually worship wild animals and protect them.? However, this conflict needs resolution and proper redressal ?measures at global level.

Ethnic conflicts dreaden human society around the globe.? A more reconciliatory mode ?needs to be adopted by Govt. and people in power.? A legislature needs to be uniformly adopted and applied.? It was felt that even though many democracies claim the safety of its people on law books, its application is yet to be achieved, giving rise to different kinds of ethnic conflicts and cleansing.

The last speaker Dr. Karma Oraonn,Professor and head dept of anthropology,Ranchi university spoke about atrocities and difficulties of tribal’s in Jharkhand state.? He too emphasized that tribal development ?needs participatory approach and not a law from above ,which is unpractacable and unethical. He was critical of the present system of beurocratic approach which does not help the poor and tribial.While identifying himself as a tribial? he said ?Jharkhand has 7 million tribal’s. Noly a few have acesss to policy and planning. People rights shall not surpass human rights, he ?too emphasized very vehemently..

In his concluding remarks co-chair Mr.claudio o Delang from Honking ?emphasized a developmental process akin to the socioeconomic conditions of all ethnic groups round the globe.? Chairman Prof. G.M. Wani, summed up the proposed recommendations as:

1. What is needed, the application of modern technologies like GIS etc to unveil the biochemical, biotechnological & other medicinal value of these uncultivated, wild growing flora & fauna.He stressed on the use of DNA fingerprinting and modern techniques for identification of nutritive and medicinal value of the crops.A move to conserve them and grow them may be necessary as it may save water and other organic resoucer as these are wild grown and need no irrigation or fertilizers.They could be the income rising and micronutrient ecological resources to be propagated and utilized.